应用程序在某一时刻，可能需要在数据库中存储“大”数据。“大”通常意味着“大约 4kb 或以上”，尽管某些数据库在数据达到“大”之前可以轻松地处理多达
32kb 的数据。大对象本质上可能是文本或二进制。在 PDOStatement::bindParam() 或
PDOStatement::bindColumn()) 调用中使用 PDO::PARAM_LOB
类型码可以让 PDO 使用大数据类型。PDO::PARAM_LOB 告诉 PDO 作为流来映射数据，以便能使用
PHP Streams API 来操作。
示例 #1 从数据库中显示一张图片
下面例子绑定一个 LOB 到 $lob 变量，然后用 fpassthru() 将其发送到浏览器。因为 LOB 代表一个流，所以类似 fgets()、fread() 以及 stream_get_contents() 这样的函数都可以用在它上面。
<?php
$db = new PDO('odbc:SAMPLE', 'db2inst1', 'ibmdb2');
$stmt = $db->prepare("select contenttype, imagedata from images where id=?");
$stmt->execute(array($_GET['id']));
$stmt->bindColumn(1, $type, PDO::PARAM_STR, 256);
$stmt->bindColumn(2, $lob, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
header("Content-Type: $type");
fpassthru($lob);
?>
示例 #2 插入一张图片到数据库
下面例子打开一个文件并将文件句柄传给 PDO 来做为一个 LOB 插入。PDO尽可能地让数据库以最有效的方式获取文件内容。
<?php
$db = new PDO('odbc:SAMPLE', 'db2inst1', 'ibmdb2');
$stmt = $db->prepare("insert into images (id, contenttype, imagedata) values (?, ?, ?)");
$id = get_new_id(); // 调用某个函数来分配一个新 ID
// 假设处理一个文件上传
// 可以在 PHP 文档中找到更多的信息
$fp = fopen($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], 'rb');
$stmt->bindParam(1, $id);
$stmt->bindParam(2, $_FILES['file']['type']);
$stmt->bindParam(3, $fp, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$db->beginTransaction();
$stmt->execute();
$db->commit();
?>
示例 #3 插入一张图片到数据库：Oracle
对于从文件插入一个 lob，Oracle略有不同。必须在事务之后进行插入，否则当执行查询时导致新近插入 LOB 将以0长度被隐式提交：
<?php
$db = new PDO('oci:', 'scott', 'tiger');
$stmt = $db->prepare("insert into images (id, contenttype, imagedata) " .
"VALUES (?, ?, EMPTY_BLOB()) RETURNING imagedata INTO ?");
$id = get_new_id(); // 调用某个函数来分配一个新 ID
// 假设处理一个文件上传
// 可以在 PHP 文档中找到更多的信息
$fp = fopen($_FILES['file']['tmp_name'], 'rb');
$stmt->bindParam(1, $id);
$stmt->bindParam(2, $_FILES['file']['type']);
$stmt->bindParam(3, $fp, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$db->beginTransaction();
$stmt->execute();
$db->commit();
?>
PDOStatement's methods bindParam and bindValue also work with strings, as in:
<?php
$data = file_get_contents($filename);
$stmt->bindValue(1, $data, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
//...
?>
This was the only way I could make it work with PostgreSQL.
A big gotcha exists for Oracle users.
You have to save CLOB objects using PDO::PARAM_STR, not PDO::PARAM_LOB.
But you MUST send the 4th argument, usually strlen($subject) or you get a LONG error.
There seems to be a bug that affects example 1 above. PDO::PARAM_LOB when used with pdo::bindColumn() is supposed to return a stream but it returns a string. Passing this string to fpassthru() then triggers an error with the message 'supplied argument is not a valid stream resource'. This has been reported in bug #40913. The work around is to do the following:
<?php
$stmt = $db->prepare("select contenttype, imagedata from images where id=?");
$stmt->execute(array($_GET['id']));
$stmt->bindColumn(1, $type, PDO::PARAM_STR, 256);
$stmt->bindColumn(2, $lob, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
header("Content-Type: $type");
echo($lob);
?>
Since the browser is expecting an image after the call to header() writing the string representation of the binary output with echo() has the same affect as calling fpassthru().
For selecting data out of Postgres, the data type of the column in the table determined if the parameter bound with PARAM_LOB returned a string or returned a resource.
<?php
// create table log ( data text ) ;
$geth = $dbh->prepare('select data from log ');
$geth->execute();
$geth->bindColumn(1, $dataString, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$geth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
echo ($dataString); // $dataString is a string
// create table log ( data bytea ) ;
$geth = $dbh->prepare('select data from log');
$geth->execute();
$geth->bindColumn(1, $dataFH, PDO::PARAM_LOB);
$geth->fetch(PDO::FETCH_BOUND);
fpassthru($dataFH); // $dataFH is a resource
I spend a lot of time trying to get this to work, but no matter what I did PDO corrupted my data.
I finally discovered that I had been using:
$pdo->exec('SET CHARACTER SET utf8');
in the TRY part of my connection script.
This off course doesn't work when you feed binary input to PDO using the parameter lob.
The DBMSs that are listed above have these (default) limits on the maximum size of a char string. The maximum is given in bytes so the number of characters storable can be smaller if a multibyte encoding is used.
CUBRID: 16kB
SQL Server: 2GB
Firebird: 32kB
IBM Db2: 32kB
Informix: 32kB
MySQL: 16kB
Oracle: 2kB
PostgreSQL: 1GB
SQLite: 1 billion bytes
4D: Unknown, but LOBs are limited to 2GB.
I find it easier to use stream_get_contens to fetch the data of a lob using the file handle.
<?php
$stmt = $pdo->con->prepare( 'select * from filetable' );
$stmt->execute();
$res = $stmt->fetchAll( PDO::FETCH_ASSOC );
for( $i=0; $i<count($res); $i++ ){
$filename = "C:/tmp/".$res[$i]['FILE_ID'].'.xml';
$content = stream_get_contents( $res[$i]['DATA_FILE'] );
file_put_contents( $filename, $content );
}
?>
