Closure::bindTo

(PHP 5 >= 5.4.0, PHP 7, PHP 8)

Closure::bindTo — Duplicates the closure with a new bound object and class scope

Опис

public Closure::bindTo(?object $newThis, object|string|null $newScope = "static"): ?Closure

Create and return a new anonymous function with the same body and bound variables as this one, but possibly with a different bound object and a new class scope.

The “bound object” determines the value $this will have in the function body and the “class scope” represents a class which determines which private and protected members the anonymous function will be able to access. Namely, the members that will be visible are the same as if the anonymous function were a method of the class given as value of the newScope parameter.

Static closures cannot have any bound object (the value of the parameter newThis should be null), but this method can nevertheless be used to change their class scope.

This method will ensure that for a non-static closure, having a bound instance will imply being scoped and vice-versa. To this end, non-static closures that are given a scope but a null instance are made static and non-static non-scoped closures that are given a non-null instance are scoped to an unspecified class.

Зауваження:
If you only want to duplicate the anonymous functions, you can use cloning instead.

Параметри

newThis: The object to which the given anonymous function should be bound, or null for the closure to be unbound.
newScope: The class scope to which the closure is to be associated, or 'static' to keep the current one. If an object is given, the type of the object will be used instead. This determines the visibility of protected and private methods of the bound object. It is not allowed to pass (an object of) an internal class as this parameter.

Значення, що повертаються

Returns the newly created Closure object or null on failure.

Приклади

Приклад #1 Closure::bindTo() example

<?php

class A
{
    private $val;

    public function __construct($val)
    {
        $this->val = $val;
    }

    public function getClosure()
    {
        // Returns closure bound to this object and scope
        return function() {
            return $this->val;
        };
    }
}

$ob1 = new A(1);
$ob2 = new A(2);

$cl = $ob1->getClosure();
echo $cl(), "\n";

$cl = $cl->bindTo($ob2);
echo $cl(), "\n";

?>

Поданий вище приклад виведе щось схоже на:

1
2

Прогляньте також

Anonymous functions
Closure::bind() - Duplicates a closure with a specific bound object and class scope

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User Contributed Notes 8 notes

down

Nezar Fadle ¶

9 years ago

We can use the concept of bindTo to write a very small Template Engine:

#############
index.php
############

<?php

class Article{
    private $title = "This is an article";
}

class Post{
    private $title = "This is a post";
}

class Template{

    function render($context, $tpl){

        $closure = function($tpl){
            ob_start();
            include $tpl;
            return ob_end_flush();
        };

        $closure = $closure->bindTo($context, $context);
        $closure($tpl);

    }

}

$art = new Article();
$post = new Post();
$template = new Template();

$template->render($art, 'tpl.php');
$template->render($post, 'tpl.php');
?>

#############
tpl.php
############
<h1><?php echo $this->title;?></h1>

down

tatarynowicz at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

You can do pretty Javascript-like things with objects using closure binding:

<?php
trait DynamicDefinition {
    
    public function __call($name, $args) {
        if (is_callable($this->$name)) {
            return call_user_func($this->$name, $args);
        }
        else {
            throw new \RuntimeException("Method {$name} does not exist");
        }
    }
    
    public function __set($name, $value) {
        $this->$name = is_callable($value)? 
            $value->bindTo($this, $this): 
            $value;
    }
}

class Foo {
    use DynamicDefinition;
    private $privateValue = 'I am private';
}

$foo = new Foo;
$foo->bar = function() {
    return $this->privateValue;
};

// prints 'I am private'
print $foo->bar();

?>

down

safakozpinar at gmail dot com ¶

12 years ago

Private/protected members are accessible if you set the "newscope" argument (as the manual says).

<?php
$fn = function(){
    return ++$this->foo; // increase the value
};

class Bar{
    private $foo = 1; // initial value
}

$bar = new Bar();

$fn1 = $fn->bindTo($bar, 'Bar'); // specify class name
$fn2 = $fn->bindTo($bar,  $bar); // or object

echo $fn1(); // 2
echo $fn2(); // 3

down

Anonymous ¶

6 years ago

If you want to unbind completely the closure and the scope you need to set both to null:

<?php
class MyClass
{
    public $foo = 'a';
    protected $bar = 'b';
    private $baz = 'c';

    /**
     * @return array
     */
    public function toArray()
    {
        // Only public variables
        return (function ($obj) {
            return get_object_vars($obj);
        })->bindTo(null, null)($this);
    }
}
?>

In this example, only the public variables of the class are exported (foo).

If you use the default scope (->bindTo(null)) also protected and private variables are exported (foo, bar and baz).

It was hard to figure it out because there is nowhere mentioned in the documentation that you can use null as a scope.

down

luc at s dot illi dot be ¶

8 years ago

Access private members of parent classes; playing with the scopes:
<?PHP
class Grandparents{ private $__status1 = 'married'; }
class Parents extends Grandparents{ private $__status2 = 'divorced'; }
class Me extends Parents{ private $__status3 = 'single'; }

$status1_3 = function()
{
    $this->__status1 = 'happy';
    $this->__status2 = 'happy';
    $this->__status3 = 'happy';
};

$status1_2 = function()
{
    $this->__status1 = 'happy';
    $this->__status2 = 'happy';
};

// test 1:
$c = $status1_3->bindTo($R = new Me, Parents::class);            
#$c();    // Fatal: Cannot access private property Me::$__status3

// test 2:
$d = $status1_2->bindTo($R = new Me, Parents::class);
$d();
var_dump($R);
/*
object(Me)#5 (4) {
  ["__status3":"Me":private]=>
  string(6) "single"
  ["__status2":"Parents":private]=>
  string(5) "happy"
  ["__status1":"Grandparents":private]=>
  string(7) "married"
  ["__status1"]=>
  string(5) "happy"
}
*/

// test 3:
$e = $status1_3->bindTo($R = new Me, Grandparents::class);    
#$e(); // Fatal: Cannot access private property Me::$__status3

// test 4:
$f = $status1_2->bindTo($R = new Me, Grandparents::class);    
$f();
var_dump($R);
/*
object(Me)#9 (4) {
  ["__status3":"Me":private]=>
  string(6) "single"
  ["__status2":"Parents":private]=>
  string(8) "divorced"
  ["__status1":"Grandparents":private]=>
  string(5) "happy"
  ["__status2"]=>
  string(5) "happy"
}
*/
?>

Clear the stack trace:
<?PHP
use Exception;
use ReflectionException;

$c = function()
{
    $this->trace = [];
};

$c = $c->bindTo($R = new ReflectionException, Exception::class);
$c();

try
{
    throw $R;
}
catch(ReflectionException $R)
{
    var_dump($R->getTrace());
}
/*
array(0) {
}
*/
?>

down

amica at php-resource dot de ¶

12 years ago

With rebindable $this at hand it's possible to do evil stuff:

<?php
    class A {
        private $a = 12;
        private function getA () {
            return $this->a;
        }
    }
    class B {
        private $b = 34;
        private function getB () {
            return $this->b;
        }
    }
    $a = new A();
    $b = new B();
    $c = function () {
        if (property_exists($this, "a") && method_exists($this, "getA")) {
            $this->a++;
            return $this->getA();
        }
        if (property_exists($this, "b") && method_exists($this, "getB")) {
            $this->b++;
            return $this->getB();
        }
    };
    $ca = $c->bindTo($a, $a);
    $cb = $c->bindTo($b, $b);
    echo $ca(), "\n"; // => 13
    echo $cb(), "\n"; // => 35
?>

down

malferov at gmail dot com ¶

1 year ago

If you, like me, did not immediately understand what exactly "(an object of) an internal class" in the documentation about the 'newScope' parameter:



By an internal class, the documentation means any internal PHP class such as 'stdClass', 'Closure', 'WeakMap', and etc:



<?php



class A {}

$a = new A();

$closure = fn() => null;



$binded = $closure->bindTo($a, 'stdClass',); // Cannot bind closure to scope of internal class stdClass

$binded = $closure->bindTo($a, $closure,); // Warning: Cannot bind closure to scope of internal class Closure etc.

down

Olexandr Kalaidzhy ¶

2 years ago

Get all object vars without using Reflection:

<?php

declare(strict_types=1);

class A
{
    private $foo = 'foo';
    protected $bar = 'bar';
    public $buz = 'buz';
}

function get_object_vars_all($object): array
{
    if (!\is_object($object)) {
        throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('The argument should be an object, "%s" given.', get_debug_type($object)));
    }

    $closure = function () {
        return get_object_vars($this);
    };

    return $closure->bindTo($object, $object)();
}

$a = new A();

var_dump(get_object_vars($a));
var_dump(get_object_vars_all($a));

?>

The output: 

array(1) {
  ["buz"]=>
  string(3) "buz"
}
array(3) {
  ["foo"]=>
  string(3) "foo"
  ["bar"]=>
  string(3) "bar"
  ["buz"]=>
  string(3) "buz"
}

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