FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)

FPM (FastCGI Process Manager) is a primary PHP FastCGI implementation containing some features (mostly) useful for heavy-loaded sites.

These features include:

advanced process management with graceful stop/start;
pools that give ability to start workers with different uid/gid/chroot/environment, listening on different ports and using different php.ini (replaces safe_mode);
configurable stdout and stderr logging;
emergency restart in case of accidental opcode cache destruction;
accelerated upload support;
"slowlog" - logging scripts (not just their names, but their PHP backtraces too, using ptrace and similar things to read remote process' execute_data) that are executed unusually slow;
fastcgi_finish_request() - special function to finish request and flush all data while continuing to do something time-consuming (video converting, stats processing etc.);
dynamic/ondemand/static child spawning;
basic and extended status info (similar to Apache mod_status) with various formats like json, xml and openmetrics supported;
php.ini-based config file.

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User Contributed Notes 11 notes

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ganlvtech at qq dot com ¶

7 years ago

php-fpm is not avaliable on Windows, but you can use IIS or Apache as the "fastcgi process manager".

If you have to use Nginx, here is a solution. Nginx provides a load balancing module. We can distribute the request to different php-cgi.exe process.

<http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/load_balancing.html>
<http://nginx.org/en/docs/http/ngx_http_upstream_module.html>

This is the origin nginx conf.
```
location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files  $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_pass  127.0.0.1:9000;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    include  fastcgi.conf;
}
```

You can replace it by
```
upstream php {
    server  127.0.0.1:9000;
    server  127.0.0.1:9001;
    server  127.0.0.1:9002;
    server  127.0.0.1:9003;
}

location ~ \.php$ {
    try_files  $uri = 404;
    fastcgi_pass  php;
    fastcgi_index  index.php;
    include  fastcgi.conf;
}
```

CAUTION!!

php-cgi.exe process will die after several requests, so you have to restart the php-cgi.exe manually to keep a process listening the port.

DON'T USE THIS SOLUTION IN PRODUCTION!!

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kokushibyou at gmail dot com ¶

11 years ago

PHP-FPM is FAST - but be wary of using it while your code base is stored on NFS - under average load your NFS server will feel some serious strain. I have yet to find a work around for this bug: https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=52312

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robin at robinwinslow dot co dot uk ¶

13 years ago

Init script setup
===

You will probably want to create an init script for your new php-fpm. Fortunately, PHP 5.3.3 provides one for you, which you should copy to your init directory and change permissions:

$ cp <php-5.3.3-source-dir>/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm.in /etc/init.d/php-fpm
$ chmod 755 /etc/init.d/php-fpm

It requires a certain amount of setup. First of all, make sure your php-fpm.conf file is set up to  create a PID file when php-fpm starts. E.g.:
----
pid = /var/run/php-fpm.pid
----
(also make sure your php-fpm user has permission to create this file).

Now open up your new init script (/etc/init.d/php-fpm) and set the variables at the top to their relevant values. E.g.:
---
prefix=
exec_prefix=
php_fpm_BIN=/sbin/php-fpm
php_fpm_CONF=/etc/php-fpm.conf
php_fpm_PID=/var/run/php-fpm.pid
---

Your init script is now ready. You should now be able to start, stop and reload php-fpm:

$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm start
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm stop
$ /etc/init.d/php-fpm reload

The one remaining thing you may wish to do is to add your new php-fpm init script to system start-up. E.g. in CentOS:

$ /sbin/chkconfig php-fpm on

===========

Disclaimer: Although I did just do this on my own server about 20 mins ago, everything I've written here is off the top of my head, so it may not be 100% correct. Also, allow for differences in system setup. Some understanding of what you are doing is assumed.

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joel k ¶

13 years ago

the fpm process supports the USER2 signal, which is used to reload the config file.

kill -USR2 [pid]

should do the trick.

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info at f1-outsourcing dot eu ¶

5 years ago

It looks like the php-fpm daemon is not able to use its groups it is running with.

https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=77837

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user at NOSPAM dot example dot com ¶

7 years ago

It is important to note that FPM is not built with the windows binaries.  Many of the guides you may find online rely on php-cgi.exe.  Unfortunately they call it FPM but this is incorrect!

The executable php-cgi.exe that is bundled with the windows binaries is a FastCGI interface but it is *not* FPM (Fastcgi Process Manager).  php-cgi.exe does not have multi-threading or concurrent request support, nor support for any of the FPM configuration options.

The only solid information I've gathered into why FPM is not available is a bug report explaining that FPM is built around fork(), which is not natively available on windows (https://bugs.php.net/bug.php?id=62447).

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dreamcat4 at gmail dot com ¶

10 years ago

Doesn't work? Enable logging!

The php-fpm.log file is a great place to fault-find errors and get to the bottom of a problem. But be sure to enable logging for your specific worker pool. Or you won't see anything!

Example:

To enable error logging for the default [www] worker pool, add this line in the [www] section of your php-fpm.conf:

[www]
catch_workers_output = yes

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jpmkn.iki.fi ¶

1 year ago

@ ikrabbe you might want to look at mod_rewrite to address the environment variable variation(!) between cgi and cli php.

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ikrabbe dot ask at gmail dot com ¶

6 years ago

I'm very unhappy with the way php-fpm handles requests.
There isn't even some SCRIPT_FILENAME in the RFC for CGI, an that's the only standard I found to handle the requests.

Actually what you are doing with PATH_TRANSLATED is supposed to translate to the path, which is broken by media wikis, as they use the PATH_INFO to find the ressource, not some script.

In the original CGI context, the PATH_INFO is passed to the CGI binary to specify some ressource argument. So actually

    SCRIPT_NAME  ~ argv0
    PATH_INFO      ~ argv1

in command context.

Conclusion: We should rewrite php-fpm to obey the rfc3875 CGI standard.
Having SCRIPT_NAME pointing to /something.php, must translate to 

    CWD/something.php

CWD is the working directory where php-fpm is started (or configured to change to).

In case of chroot CWD = "".

In any case the SCRIPT_NAME php script can be found with ./SCRIPT_NAME, from the CWD. So the undocumented not standardized SCRIPT_FILENAME should vanish! It breaks the CGI standard.

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"atesin" at the free google mail service ¶

1 year ago

in response to "ikrabbe dot ask at gmail dot com" about SCRIPT_NAME and PATH_INFO being empty, this could be related...

while configuring php-fpm with nginx in debian (actually raspberry pi), a comment line in .conf grabbed my attention

there is a "feature" (that looks more like a bug) reported about 10 years ago in http://trac.nginx.org/nginx/ticket/321 ... in which "try_files" could reset the contents of $fastcgi_script_name and $fastcgi_path_info ... this is a workaround mentioned in forums by user "zakaria"

<?php /* not actual php code but nginx .conf */
location ~ [^/]\.php(/|$)
{
fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+?\.php)(/.*)$;
# Save the $fastcgi_path_info before try_files clear it
set $path_info $fastcgi_path_info;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
try_files $fastcgi_script_name =404;

fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
}
?>

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"atesin" at the free google mail service ¶

1 year ago

in response to "dreamcat4 at gmail dot com" about enabling logs in php-fpm

i *hate* going blind, so enabling logs is generally the first thing i do...

by doing dreamcat4 suggestion, logs got enabled but mixed with php process logs ... instead doing that and to isolate logs from [www] worker pool in its own file, these directives worked for me in "www" worker .ini file (you have to set directories and permissions before)

php_admin_flag[log_errors] = on
php_admin_value[error_log] = /var/log/php-fpm/www-error.log

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FastCGI Process Manager (FPM)

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